Spring Arbor Living Blog

Reading, playing a variety of games, and doing other intellectual pursuits on a daily basis over the course of a lifetime could help prevent the formation of amyloid plaques that cause Alzheimer’s disease. But for the most benefit we may need to get our brains engaged early in life - years or decades before we need memory care.

In the first study of its kind, researchers examined the amount of beta amyloid deposits in the brains of healthy seniors with no signs of dementia and found that those who reported doing daily brainy activities from the age of 6 onward had very low levels of amyloid plaque - on par with of an average person in their early 20s. Those who do not engage in intellectual activities had higher plaque levels, according to the study.

This could mean that by the time people need memory care, it may be too late to prevent further progression of Alzheimer’s.

“It was fascinating to see that those who do not have high levels of cognitive activity had high levels of these plaques,’’ said study leader Susan Landau, a research scientist at the University of California-Berkeley’s Neuroscience Institute. “We assume many of the healthy people with amyloid plaques will go on to develop Alzheimer’s later on, though the imaging technology hasn’t been around long enough to confirm this.’’

Previous research indicates that the plaque forms in areas of the brain associated with default behaviors that we do automatically, such as brushing our teeth or driving a car while we’re daydreaming.

“I think it’s a little too early to say that there is a cause and effect relationship, but the finding is intriguing,’’ Sperling said, and “I definitely think there’s enough data now to encourage’’ people to make lifestyle changes - the earlier, the better.

Researchers discovered some time ago that the kinds of learning activities most beneficial for reducing the need of memory care as we age combines physical activity, social networking, and learning a new skill.

It is also clear that there’s a genetic component involved in the need for memory care as we age. Sperling said,  “But [genes] could play a much stronger role in those who develop Alzheimer’s before age 65’’ compared with those who develop it a decade or two later.

Original article – BostonGlobe.com

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Many wonder how to begin talking about moving towards assisted living with their family and loved one. This is a very important and very difficult conversation. It is critical to have this conversation in the right way at the right time in order to make this decision the right way.

You need to prepare yourself for this conversation by knowing what the options are. Have some ideas on how to have the discussion with your loved ones and how to address the need for care.

Be prepared:
Acknowledge to your parent or loved one, and to yourself, that this is not an easy conversation. This will be a big change. You and your parents or senior loved one need to address this change while they can still talk about it and participate in the decision making process.

Know your options:
Prior to starting the conversation, understand what options are within the realm of possibility for you and your parents. Perhaps meet with a geriatric care manager, visit some assisted living communities and become educated on home care options.  This way you can be prepared with information for your loved one and together you can make lists of the pro’s and con’s of each solution.

Discussion:
To begin the conversation with your senior loved one, acknowledge that the conversation is not easy, but let them know why you (and your siblings) believe the conversation is important. It is very important to be straight forward with your concerns but respectful of your parents fears and concerns. Be sure to plan on having an active discussion with your parents. Let them participate in the conversation. Keep in mind that you most likely won't reach a resolution in the first conversation. The first conversation is a way to opening the door to future conversations. Most likely the topic will have to be revisited.

For information on Spring Arbor Living in North Carolina and Virginia, contact us.

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They're often called middle-aged pauses or senior moments. One of the country's leading memory experts says that by age 45 people start having memory lapses, but you can do something about it. "People have more control than they think when it comes to their brain health," Dr. Gary Small says.

He is the director of the UCLA Longevity Center and has written "The Alzheimer's Prevention Program," which includes a simple memory-improving technique called "Look Snap Connect."


In the following video Dr. Small gives some ideas on how to prevent or hold off Alzheimer's Disease.



Original article KSEE news

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Right now there is no way to prevent Alzheimer's disease. The health of the body and brain depends on both lifestyle factors that are within your control.  It also depends on genetic factors.  However, new research reveals that lifestyle factors play an even more significant role in protecting the brain as we age.

In fact, a brain-healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise and a heart-healthy diet are critical elements for Alzheimer’s prevention.

Regular physical exercise reduces the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease by 50%. Regular exercise can also slow deterioration in those who have already started to develop cognitive problems. Try for at least 30 minutes of aerobic exercise five or more times per week.

Additionally, moderate levels of weight training increase muscle mass and help maintain brain health. Combining aerobics and strength training is much better than either activity alone.

Falls and the resulting head injuries are more likely as people age, which increases the risk for Alzheimer’s disease and dementia, balance and coordination exercises like yoga and Tai Chi can help with agility and fall prevention.

Maintaining a healthy diet is important in preventing Alzheimer’s disease. A heart- and brain-healthy diet that is rich in fish, nuts, whole grains, olive oil, and lots fresh produce.

Evidence suggests that omega-3 fatty acids, such as those found in cold-water fish such as salmon, tuna, trout and sardines may help prevent Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. Fish oil supplements are also a good source for omega-3s. In addition, it’s best to reduce consumption of full-fat dairy products, red meat, fast food, fried foods, and both packaged and processed foods.

Original article - Empowerher

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Recently, researchers looking into cognitive decline and dementia have made encouraging findings. Although it was believed that the adult brain could not develop new neurons (or brain cells), scientists have learned in the past decade or so that the human brain is pliable and adaptive. The brain can actually add new neurons even late in life and continually form new connections among existing neurons -- a phenomenon known as neuroplasticity.

This means that while an aging brain may have signs of damage, initially it can often compensate for them. And engaging in mentally stimulating activities like reading, taking a class or playing board games is one way to bolster this process.

This compensation process depends on your "cognitive reserve," the extra, perhaps unused, amount of cognitive ability that can make up for the loss of brain functioning when your brain shows signs of dementia due to the death of cells and their replacement by beta-amyloid plaques. Genetics, early childhood stimulation and education level can influence cognitive reserve but are essentially immutable once you're an adult.
 
Fortunately, studies have found that you can also increase your cognitive reserve and delay the onset of dementia through a variety of intellectually stimulating leisure activities in middle and later life.

A study in the journal Neurology found that among 101 people who eventually developed dementia, those who frequently participated in one or more activities, such as reading, writing, doing crossword puzzles, playing card or board games, having group discussions or playing music experienced memory decline more than one year later than those who participated in these activities less often. These pursuits built cognitive reserve and delayed dementia as much as a higher education level did.

It's worth noting that researchers have discovered that watching television is a passive activity that doesn't really stimulate the mind at all; on the contrary, watching television is associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline. One study found that TV watchers were 10% more likely than non-watchers to experience cognitive impairments over a five-year period. A possible explanation: Time spent in front of the TV means less time for the mental, social and physical activities that can help delay dementia.

Original article – Johns Hopkins Health Alert

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Alzheimer’s Disease, more and more people are trying to figure out how to prevent it, or at least, hold it off. Does eating a lot of fish and few processed foods really help protect against Alzheimer’s disease? A new study suggests that nutrition could play almost as strong a role as age, number of years of education, and high blood pressure, but not quite as much of a role as inherited genes.

In the study published in the journal Neurology, researchers measured the level of nutrients in the blood of nearly 300 seniors and found that those who had high levels of vitamin D and omega 3 fatty acids - both found in salmon, tuna, and other fatty fish - high levels of vitamins C, E, and B - antioxidants found in fruits, nuts, and green leafy vegetables - appeared to have somewhat more protection against early symptoms of Alzheimer’s. They were less likely to have cognitive difficulties, memory problems, and brain shrinkage - an indicator of Alzheimer’s - than those who had low levels of these nutrients.

The researchers also found that those who had blood markers that indicated high levels of trans fats - margarine and other partially-hydrogenated oils used in doughnuts, cookies, and other processed foods - were more likely to have memory loss and brain shrinkage.

This study may have more strength than previous studies in that it verified dietary patterns through blood measurements rather than relying on dietary recall questionnaires, which can be unreliable.

“These results need to be confirmed, but obviously it is very exciting to think that people could potentially stop their brains from shrinking and keep them sharp by adjusting their diet,’’ said study author Gene Bowman, a professor of public health at Oregon Health & Science University in Portland.

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